Composting is the controlled aerobic (with oxygen) decomposition of organic materials by microorganisms (bacteria, fungi), invertebrates (worms, insects), and other decomposers. The end product, compost, is a dark, crumbly, earthy-smelling material rich in nutrients and beneficial microbes, often called "black gold" by gardeners.
It is a form of recycling that mimics nature's process of breaking down litter on a forest floor, but greatly accelerated.
The benefits are extensive, for both your garden and the environment:
Soil Conditioner: Improves soil structure, making clay soils more drainable and sandy soils better at retaining water.
Slow-Release Fertilizer: Provides a wide spectrum of essential nutrients for plants without the risk of chemical burn associated with synthetic fertilizers.
Microbial Inoculant: Introduces beneficial microbes that help suppress plant diseases and aid nutrient uptake.
Reduces Erosion: Helps soil retain moisture and form stable aggregates.
Diverts Waste: Keeps organic material out of landfills where it would decompose anaerobically (without oxygen) and produce methane, a potent greenhouse gas.
Reduces Need for Chemicals: Less reliance on synthetic fertilizers and pesticides.
Conserves Water: Compost-amended soil retains water more effectively, reducing the need for irrigation.